Common security vulnerabilities include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and insecure deserialization, which can compromise application security.

Understanding common security vulnerabilities is crucial for developing secure web applications. Some of the most prevalent vulnerabilities include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and insecure deserialization. SQL injection occurs when an attacker manipulates SQL queries by injecting malicious input, allowing unauthorized access to the database. To prevent SQL injection, developers should always use parameterized queries and ORM systems that safely handle database interactions. Cross-site scripting (XSS) involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, potentially compromising user data and session tokens. To mitigate XSS risks, developers should sanitize and escape user input and implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers. CSRF attacks exploit the trust that a web application has in a user's browser, allowing attackers to perform actions on behalf of authenticated users without their consent. Implementing CSRF tokens and verifying them with each request is essential for preventing these attacks. Insecure deserialization can lead to remote code execution, where untrusted data is executed as code on the server. Developers should validate and sanitize any data received from users before deserializing. By being aware of these vulnerabilities and following best practices, developers can build secure web applications that protect user data and maintain trust.