How do I merge two dictionaries in Python?
Use the `update()` method to merge dictionaries, or use the `{**dict1, **dict2}` syntax in Python 3.5+ for a concise merge.
Merging dictionaries in Python can be done in several ways, depending on the version of Python you are using. Here are a few common methods:
Using update()
Method
The update()
method modifies the first dictionary in place, adding key-value pairs from the second dictionary:
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
If the keys overlap, the values from dict2
will overwrite those in dict1
.
Using Dictionary Unpacking (Python 3.5+)
In Python 3.5 and later, you can use dictionary unpacking to create a new dictionary:
dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
merged = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged) # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
This method creates a new dictionary without modifying the original ones.
Using dict()
Constructor
You can also merge dictionaries using the dict()
constructor and the unpacking operator:
merged = dict(dict1, **dict2)
This method is similar to the previous one and works well for merging multiple dictionaries.
By mastering these techniques, you can efficiently handle dictionary data structures in Python.