To handle exceptions in Python, use try-except blocks to catch and manage errors. This prevents program crashes and allows for graceful error recovery. You can also define custom exceptions for more specific error handling.

Effective exception handling is a vital aspect of writing robust Python code. By utilizing try-except blocks, you can catch and manage exceptions that may occur during the execution of your program, preventing unexpected crashes and allowing for graceful error recovery. The basic structure involves placing code that may raise an exception within a try block, followed by one or more except blocks that specify how to handle specific exceptions. For instance, you might want to catch a ValueError when converting user input to an integer. It is also good practice to include a generic except block to catch unforeseen errors, although you should use this with caution to avoid masking bugs. In addition to built-in exceptions, you can define custom exceptions by creating a new class that inherits from Python’s built-in Exception class. This is particularly useful for applications where specific error handling logic is necessary. Finally, consider using finally blocks to execute cleanup code that should run regardless of whether an exception occurred, such as closing files or releasing resources. By mastering these techniques, you can write more resilient Python applications that handle errors effectively and improve user experience.