'ValueError' occurs when an operation receives an argument of the right type but an inappropriate value. Ensure that the values passed to functions are within the expected range or type constraints.

'ValueError' is a built-in exception in Python that is raised when a function receives an argument of the correct type but an inappropriate value. This can happen in various contexts, such as trying to convert a string to an integer when the string does not represent a valid integer, or passing a value to a function that is outside the expected range. To fix a ValueError, start by carefully reviewing the input values being passed to the function. If the error occurs during type conversion, use exception handling to catch the ValueError and provide informative feedback or fallbacks. For example, you can use try-except blocks to attempt conversions and handle failures gracefully. Additionally, implement validation checks before performing operations that could trigger a ValueError. For instance, check if a string can be converted to an integer by using the str.isdigit() method before conversion. By understanding the contexts in which ValueErrors arise and incorporating validation, you can avoid and resolve these issues in your Python code.